Plants Found in the Tundra
1. Arctic Moss (Calliergon giganteum)
- Arctic moss is a type of moss that thrives in the cold, low-nutrient environment of the tundra.
- It can withstand extreme cold and low light conditions, growing in dense mats that help conserve warmth and moisture.
2. Lichens (Cladonia spp.)
- Lichens are a symbiotic organism formed by fungi and algae or cyanobacteria.
- They are highly resilient and grow in the harsh tundra conditions, often covering rocks and soil.
- Lichens are important for soil formation and nitrogen fixation in tundra ecosystems.
3. Arctic Willow (Salix arctica)
- The Arctic willow is a low-growing shrub that can tolerate freezing temperatures and windy conditions.
- It often forms small, bushy mats that hug the ground, protecting itself from wind damage while providing shelter for small animals.
4. Tufted Saxifrage (Saxifraga caespitosa)
- Tufted saxifrage is a small perennial that grows in tight rosettes, helping it survive in the tundra's cold and windy conditions.
- It has succulent leaves that retain moisture and provide resistance against freezing temperatures.
5. Mountain Avens (Dryas octopetala)
- Mountain avens are hardy shrubs with white flowers and are adapted to growing in poor, rocky soil.
- They have a deep root system that helps them survive the cold winters and dry summers of the tundra.
6. Caribou Moss (Rangiferina farinosa)
- Caribou moss is a type of lichen that is a crucial food source for caribou and other herbivores in the tundra.
- It grows in a spongy mat and can tolerate very cold temperatures, making it highly resilient in harsh tundra environments.